Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub. The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile (2.6 km 2) grid next to the White River. In 1821, Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana's state government. In 1818, the Lenape relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to as early as 10,000 BC. Indianapolis covers 368 square miles (950 km 2), making it the 18th largest city by land area in the U.S. Its combined statistical area ranks 28th, with a population of 2,431,361. The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 33rd most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S., with 2,111,040 residents. It is the 15th most populous city in the U.S., the third-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago and Columbus, Ohio, and the fourth-most populous state capital after Phoenix, Arizona Austin, Texas and Columbus. The " balance" population, which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County, was 887,642. According to the United States Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County in 2020 was 977,203. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. Indianapolis ( / ˌ ɪ n d i ə ˈ n æ p əl ɪ s/), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most-populous city of the U.S.
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